Papilloma is a lesion of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the human papilloma virus.
Pathogen - viruses of the genus Papilloma virus. More than 60 variants of it are currently known, 32 are recognized as causing the disease.
Transmission routes - contact (due to skin microtrauma), genital, perinatal (at birth).
manifestations of papillomas
- Skin papillomas (warts).
Most often on the hands, less often on other parts of the body. Localized lesions are common in children and adolescents. In immunocompromised patients, wart lesions can be widespread. The incubation period is 1-6 months. The maximum virus content in the affected tissues is recorded 6 months after infection. - Vulgar (simple) papillomas.
The causative agent is the human papillomavirus (HPV). This shape manifests itself in hard bumps with a rough surface 1 mm in diameter or more, which tend to fuse. Vulgar papillomas often cover a large area. They can appear anywhere, but in children they are more often located on the back of the palms of the hands and fingers - on the knees. A single papilloma can exist practically unchanged for several months or even years, but the process can also spread rapidly. There are isolated cases of papilloma degeneration into a tumor. Immunodeficiency states contribute to the spread of the process. - Plantar papillomas.
The causative agent is HPV-1 (deep form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (smaller lesions). The process begins with the appearance of a small, shiny bump, which takes on the characteristics of a typical papilloma, surrounded by a protruding edge. Sometimes numerous daughter formations appear around a papilloma that resemble bubbles - mosaic warts.
Plantar papillomas can be painful and make walking difficult. The duration of their existence is different. In some cases, especially in children, spontaneous disappearance of any number of papillomas is possible. This form of the disease is often mistaken for calluses, which appear on pressure points on the fingers or between the fingers. In contrast to papillomas, corns have a smooth surface with a skin pattern. - Flat papillomas.
Your pathogen is HPV-3 and HPV-10. They are represented by smooth bumps the color of normal skin (light yellow or slightly colored). They can be round or polygonal. The appearance of flat papillomas, mainly in children, is usually accompanied by itching, inflammation of the affected area, redness, and pain. - Filiform papillomas.
They are more common in the armpits, groin, neck and around the eyes in 50% of the population over 50 years of age. The process begins with the appearance of small yellowish or slightly colored cones, which then enlarge and turn into elongated dense elastic formations, up to 5 to 6 mm in size. In places with possible trauma, papillomas can become inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance does not occur. - Local epithelial hyperplasia (Beck's disease).
The pathogens are the human papillomaviruses 13 and 32. The disease was first described in Indians. Observed on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue and lips in the form of small fusing papillary eminences. - Genital warts.
The causative agents of genital warts are human papillomaviruses with a low (6, 11), medium (31, 33, 35) and high (16, 18) oncological risk. Viruses are transmitted sexually. The incubation period ranges from several weeks to months. In some cases, the lesions are minimal and often go unnoticed. Infected cells are prone to malignant degeneration. In most cases, there is a long and widespread process associated with immunodeficiency states.
Cervical cancer is most commonly diagnosed in women with genital warts. In most cases, despite the age of the patient, the viral genome is detected by DNA hybridization. The causative agent is HPV-18. - Juvenile papillomatosis of the larynx.
The pathogens are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely registered. Most often, papillomatosis is detected in children under 5 who are infected in the mother's birth canal. The appearance of characteristic growths on the vocal cords is observed, which leads to speech difficulties and impaired air circulation in the upper respiratory tract.
Treatment of papillomas
The same symptoms can be signs of different illnesses, and the illness may not progress according to the textbook. Do not try to heal yourself - ask your doctor.
There is currently no uniform international standard for the treatment of papillomas. The official treatment guidelines so far contain
- cytostatics (antineoplastics),
- cryolaser,
- Electrical destruction.
However, they are not always effective and are associated with relapses.
Other treatments for papillomas:
- For cutaneous and vulgar (simple) papillomas - surgical removal (cryodestruction, laser removal in combination with immunity correction).
- For plantar cryodestruction, laser and / or diathermocoagulation.
- Mosaic papillomas are the most difficult to treat. When they go away, especially in children, signs of inflammation are observed.
- For flat shapes - cryotherapy with immunity correction.
- For filiform diathermocoagulation.
- For local epithelial hyperplasia, cryotherapy with immunity correction.
- For wart skin dysplasia, cryotherapy or diathermocoagulation with subsequent correction of immunity.
- For genital warts - removal of warts by cryotherapy, laser removal or diathermocoagulation and mandatory correction of the immune system.
Treating genital papillomas can be difficult with other genital infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In these cases, the treatment takes place in parallel.