Papillomatosis of the genital organs increases the risk of infection for both partners and makes intimate life difficult and is often transmitted from woman to child during childbirth.
causes
The main reason that growths develop is HPV, which enters the body in a number of ways. It is introduced into the cells of the squamous epithelium and lingers there for a long time without making itself known. The patient may not be aware of such an infection until the conditions for its multiplication and the appearance of neoplasms are in place. Often, with a decrease in immunity, growths appear on the body.
Experts identify factors that increase the risk of growths:
- frequent stress;
- nervous, physical overwork;
- Avitaminosis;
- decreased immunity;
- old age of the patient;
- too many sexual partners;
- Smoking, alcohol abuse;
- Long-term use of oral contraceptives.
The causes of papillomas can be hidden in endocrine disorders, digestive system diseases and obesity. The incubation period lasts about a year and if the immune system is working well the infection may not manifest itself. HPV is often transmitted in everyday life through contact with infected objects using common washcloths, razors, and towels. Infection can occur through sexual intercourse or from a woman to a child during childbirth.
Views
Dermatologists distinguish several types of papillomas:
- Simple. The neoplasm looks like a cauliflower or a cockscomb, the surface of which resembles small papillae.
- Plantar. These accumulations cause mild discomfort.
- Just. The place of localization of such neoplasms is the epithelium of the cervix. Flat papillomas look like flat nodules that are itchy.
- Filamentous. Such tumors are often found in patients over 50 years of age, look like small nodules and do not cause pronounced symptoms.
- Pointed. They resemble papillary formations, localized both as separate elements, and merging into whole groups. In any case, genital warts are provoked by certain types of viruses that are transmitted during sexual intercourse. The place of formation of genital warts is the intimate zone, groin, anus, perineum.
Angiopapilloma is an internal growth that forms from connective tissue. It sticks to the walls of the vessels and is able to provoke the development of cancer.
Neoplasms in the visible areas of the body and in the genital area often cause psychological complaints and problems with sexual activity. The formation of papillomas on the uterus can lead to cancer.
Types
Taking into account the possible appearance of cancerous lesions of the skin and internal organs, there are several types of HPV.
Squamous epithelium
The appearance of papilloma is due to the rapid growth of the squamous epithelium of the epidermis. In young people, this type of neoplasm can form in areas of the body that are injured too often.
Squamous cell papillomas are round, broad-based tumors and thin-stemmed neoplasms. At the beginning of their development, they are motionless, colored in a light or brown tone. Constant trauma to such formations can provoke their inflammation, the cell mutation begins and its transformation into cancerous. Without effective treatment, there is a high risk of cancer.
Inverted
Very rarely does an inverted papilloma appear on the body. The area of its appearance is the nasal cavity and sinuses. The growth of neoplasms in the frontal and maxillary sinuses is possible.
A feature of the manifestation of the papillomavirus is a unilateral lesion. The germination of an inverted bone growth is possible that ends with a lesion of the palate, skull bones, paranasal sinuses, and orbital walls.
Inverted large papilloma causes nasal congestion, bleeding, and nasal discharge. When a tumor becomes too large, the facial skeleton is deformed and shifted to the side of the affected organ of vision.
Localization
Skin papillomas can form in different parts of the body. Discomfort is caused by growths on the face, and when placed on the body, it is constantly injured when it comes into contact with clothes.
Experts identify several places where papillomas appear:
- Groin, armpits and lower abdomen with obesity. In the fairer sex, different types of neoplasms can be localized under the breasts.
- The area of the neck, face, stomach, back. On the face, the papilloma area becomes mainly the area of the mouth, eyes, and eyelids.
- The genitals. This area is often the location of genital warts.
- Internal organs. Neoplasms occur on the tissues of the intestine, stomach, and bladder.
- Feet. Plantar warts are common in this part of the body.
The place of appearance of viral neoplasms can be the oral mucosa, bladder, mammary glands and internal genital organs.
Symptoms of education
When HPV is activated, neoplasms of various types appear on the skin. Their signs are similar to each other, but there are differences.
Warts
You can tell whether warts have formed on the skin based on certain symptoms:
- the size of the tumor does not exceed 1 cm;
- the wart has clear external boundaries, an inhomogeneous surface and density can be felt when palpating;
- the color of the structure can be from light gray to black;
- the neoplasm has an irregular rounded shape.
The place of localization of growth are mainly open areas of the body, and especially those that are constantly injured by something. Warts often appear on the hands, fingers, knees and head in the area where the hair grows.
Papillomas
You can independently diagnose growth if you know what the body of a papilloma looks like. They are skin growths with a rather thin stem or flat base. The virus is usually infected in public places with high humidity. In such an environment, he feels ideal and quickly begins to multiply.
Patients need to know what papillomas look like on the body. The first sign of a tumor is a slight burning sensation, a slight tingling sensation in the epidermis. After a while, neoplasms appear in this zone. Gradually they stretch and lengthen, their size increases to 1-1, 5 cm.
Often in the elderly, a papilloma forms on the skin and actively begins to increase in size. The area where the growths are located are the chest, groin, and the area under the armpits. They are flesh-colored or slightly yellow in color. The presence of the virus in the female body significantly increases the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Warts
Genital warts develop under the influence of certain types of HPV, which enter the bloodstream solely through sexual intercourse. Usually the area of the anus and external genital organs, rarely the oropharynx, becomes the focus of the localization of growths.
Warts are papillary growths that form on different parts of the body. Individual elements often combine with each other and form a tumor that looks like a cockscomb.
Incubation period
The papillomavirus has a long incubation period that can last for many years. This means that it is quite difficult to determine when the infectious agent entered the body. The activity of the virus can increase under the influence of various factors that disrupt the functioning of the immune system.
Once in the body, the virus is introduced into the cell nuclei of the dermis and begins to multiply quickly there. With a decrease in the body's defenses, small papillae begin to appear on the surface of the skin, which include several cells. They grow slowly and can reach 10 cm.
diagnosis
Diagnosing papilloma begins with an examination of the patient by an immunologist or dermatologist. The patient's medical history and symptoms are examined. Laboratory and instrumental studies will help identify the cause of the appearance of neoplasms on the body.
The standard diagnostic program includes:
- general and biochemical blood test;
- PCR test;
- Biopsy of the material.
Effective and safe therapy methods are selected based on the research results.
treatment
It is recommended to start treatment for papillomas immediately after their discovery. The choice of method depends on the location of localization of neoplasms, the reasons for their appearance and the form of HPV. How to quickly cure a papilloma can only be determined by a specialist.
Cryocoagulation
In this therapy method, neoplasms are removed with liquid nitrogen, whereby the water in the cells freezes and dies. Cryodestruction is only performed when the tumor is benign and there are no cancer cells in it.
The procedure is considered painless, but if the skin is too sensitive, they resort to the introduction of novocaine. After treating the skin with liquid nitrogen, they turn white and a small bubble forms in which a transparent or pink liquid accumulates. When removing growths by freezing, there may be unpleasant sensations in the form of a burning sensation, but they will gradually go away. After cryodestruction, it is recommended to treat the epidermis several times a day with a solution of potassium permanganate or boron alcohol.
After a few days, the blister will burst and a crust will form, protecting the wound from infection. Over time, it disappears and healthy skin remains underneath.
Surgical method
Surgery to remove papilloma on the skin is considered the most radical method of removal, but it is not used that often. The indication for surgery is large papillomas.
During the surgery, the doctor will remove a small area of healthy tissue, which will prevent the growth from re-forming. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes no more than 10-15 minutes. The patient does not feel any pain, and after the manipulation is completed, a suture is made. The disadvantage of this method is long wound healing, scarring, scars on the body.
Laser removal
How the papilloma is treated is decided by the doctor after examining the patient. The most modern method for removing growths is laser treatment, before which an analysis is carried out to exclude cancer cells. The area of the body where the papilloma is located is anesthetized with lidocaine. Then they act on it with laser beams and completely remove it. During this treatment, water evaporates in the damaged cells, they dry out and form a crust.
After a while, the skin becomes red, swollen, but this reaction takes place after 2-3 days. The crust falls off on its own after 5-7 days and a pale pink skin appears instead.
Chemical attack
An effective way to combat pathology is considered to have a chemical effect on papillomas. The removal of genital warts is carried out with special preparations that contain organic acids.
With the help of an applicator, they are applied to the surface of the formation and cauterized. Under the influence of chemicals, the growth cells are destroyed and it disappears.
Treatment with medication
Medical treatment for papilloma includes:
- Pills. Infection with a virus occurs due to a decrease in immunity, so the action of drugs is aimed at strengthening the body's defenses. The patient is prescribed the intake of vitamins, immunomodulators and antivirals.
- Preparations for local treatment. A good effect is the use of creams and ointments with an antiviral effect. For small tumors on the penis, gels and creams that stimulate the production of interferon are selected. To remove growths, the doctor prescribes solutions with corrosive properties.
Only a doctor can decide whether to remove papillomas in different parts of the body.
Immunomodulators
Treatment of multiple papillomas on the body depends on their size and area of localization. An integrated approach involves treatment with immunomodulators, the action of which activates the body's natural defenses.
There are several types of HPV, so such drugs should be selected by a specialist after immunological studies. With papillomas in women, it is recommended to pay attention to natural immunomodulators that help restore immunity at the DNA level.
Self-extinguishing
Treating large papillomas at home can make a person's condition worse and cause the virus to spread throughout the body. The possibility of using funds for self-removal of growths is determined by a dermatologist. This method of treatment is possible only in the absence of an oncogenic factor and the suspicion of malignant growth.
Self-treatment for benign neoplasms includes the use of topical ointments and medication prescribed by a doctor.
Traditional methods of treatment
In addition to the treatment regimen selected by the doctor, alternative methods of treatment may be used. It is possible to stop the intense growth of papillomas and provoke their destruction if they are smeared with celandine, dandelion or sour apple juice.
You can smear the neoplasm with the protein of a fresh egg every day and wait for it to dry. After a while, the dry papilloma will fall off on its own. At the pharmacy you can buy a special tape that is stuck for a long time, and then the neoplasm is cleaned.
To get rid of the defect, it is recommended to cut off a clove of garlic and rub it into the growth on the skin for several days in a row.
Treatment with home and folk remedies is a long process. For greater efficiency, it is recommended to combine it with the use of drugs with antiviral effects.
prophylaxis
Prevention of human papillomavirus is possible by maintaining personal hygiene, timely treatment of injuries to the epidermis and their healing. To prevent infection, you must use personal hygiene products.
Prevention of papillomas involves refusing occasional sexual intercourse, adhering to a healthy lifestyle, and increasing immunity. The virus can become a provoking factor in the formation of papillomas on the cervix and the development of cancer. Women should regularly visit a mammologist with a gynecologist and be careful about proper nutrition. What to do if a papilloma is discovered is recommended to consult your doctor and not self-medicate.